楼梯之家讯：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1958portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年，日新制钢公司在日本首次采用了森吉米尔portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">辊冷轧机，使得不锈钢薄板的生产效率大大提高。从奥氏体系不锈钢加工硬化大的特性出发，当初的冷轧机采用了工作辊径小、且在大压下量下可进行轧制的森吉米尔轧机，但在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1990portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年前后，日本国内各不锈钢公司相继建设了形状控制性和设备自动化、高速化更容易的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">辊分体机架型冷轧机。新日铁住金不锈钢采用了这种高水平的多辊轧机，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1992portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年鹿岛制造所轧制速度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1000m/minportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1993portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年光制造所轧制速度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1200m/minportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">另一方面，森吉米尔轧机也在改进中，以改善原来的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Single As-Uportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">形状控制功能而开发的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">DoubleAs-Uportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">及portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">FSBAportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">FlexibleShiftBacking Assemblyportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）结构，以及分体机架型森吉米尔轧机，现在，最高速度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1000m/minportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的森吉米尔轧机也在建设中。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">冷轧中轧制油也是一个重要的技术要素，为了制造不锈钢特有的美观的表面质量，现在纯净系成为主流。为了保持高光泽，必须实现薄油膜，但是在高速轧制时，一旦高压下，则油膜发生局部断裂现象，产生热刮痕，降低光泽，并成为不均的原因。为此，开发出了添加硅油的在高温下也能保证润滑性能、且耐高速轧制的轧制油，但是如果要获得更高速度，进一步提高耐热刮痕性是必不可少的，必须开发冷却效果大的乳化轧制油。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">新日铁住金不锈钢光制造所独自开发出乳化轧制油，通过控制乳液粒径，实现了在不锈钢高光泽产品轧制中适用乳化油的高速大压下轧制。适用这种乳化轧制油的是新日铁住金不锈钢制造所portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4CMportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">No.4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">多辊轧机）的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">120m/minportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">轧制，作为可逆式不锈钢专用轧机，其轧制速度较高。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">80portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年代以后，在强化汽车环保与发动机高性能化的潮流中，不锈钢被快速应用于汽车排气系统，特别是为了加工成形状复杂的排气总管等，对材料的加工性能提出了越来越高的要求。为满足这样的要求，在材料开发的同时，以提高加工性和降低成本为目的，开发出利用普通钢用串列式冷轧机改进而成（具有大直径工作辊）的串列式工艺。通过这种串列式工艺，大大扩大了铁素体系不锈钢在汽车上的应用。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在不锈钢的退火酸洗过程中，高温退火是必须的。为了除去退火中形成的氧化铁皮，需要很大的除鳞设备。为此，在提高热轧板退火酸洗线（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">HAPportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）生产能力的时候，应扩大退火炉的能力，改善加热效率，同时通过采用高研削电刷，提高机械除鳞能力，并增加酸洗槽的长度。还有，在化学除鳞中，也希望不改变硫酸及硝酸portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">/portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">氢氟酸混合酸液的基本构成，通过设置高性能铁离子去除装置来稳定酸洗能力，通过酸洗槽内强制对流产生紊流酸洗，以及运用喷射酸洗来提高除鳞能力。在设置空间不受限制的新建portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">HAPportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">线的生产能力可达portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">100portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">万portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">t/aportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">另一方面，欧美大型不锈钢厂家和以日本、中国为首的亚洲地区不锈钢厂家进行了设备的大型高效化和冷轧材制造设备的连续化。连续化技术可分成几类。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">类是以提高冷轧效率和收得率为目的的不锈钢用小直径工作辊轧机的串列化，日新制钢周南制钢所portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1969portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年采用的串列式森吉米尔轧机是其代表。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">类是在最终退火酸洗线（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">FAPportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）上组合平整机和张力矫直机。在日本国内portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1989portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年以后建设的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">FAPportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">线大部分都是这种形式。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">类是将冷轧、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">APportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、平整机或张力矫直机连续化的设备，开发目的是在高生产率下生产通用不锈钢材。连续化可分成portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">HAPportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">～冷轧的连续化和冷轧～portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AP•SPMportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（调质轧机）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">•TLportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（张力矫直机）的连续化。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">调质轧机在如前所述的高速portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">FAPportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">出口侧推进在线化。为了获得不锈钢特有的高光泽，一般采用大直径工作辊的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">辊干轧制，但为了提高离线portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">SPMportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的生产率，可逆化、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">辊portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">/4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">辊兼用、可湿portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">/portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">干交替的轧机逐渐成为主流。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1990portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年新日铁住金不锈钢光制造的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2SPMportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">采用了portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">辊portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">UCportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">轧机，作为设备单体轧制的能力，实现了portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">700m/minportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的速度，同时兼用优异的平直度控制。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">不锈钢冷轧材的制造技术是围绕廉价生产如前所述的通用钢的技术而发展的。如前言所述，最近需求细分为以高纯度铁素体钢和双相钢为代表的功能型不锈钢，今后在提高通用型不锈钢生产率的同时，还将考虑开发难制造品种、小批量品种的高效生产技术。
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